High above ground
This was the first time that HENT AS had used HBK as a contractor, but it is full of praise for the work that has been carried out. HBK won the competition to supply the instrumentation for the ceiling above the track. As the steel ceiling is suspended from the rock on embedded rock bolts six metres long - only three metres of which are cemented in place using special hangers - Bane NOR set the toughest demands for accuracy, precision and documentation and requested continuous access to accurate calculations in relation to pressure and suction conditions. The extreme conditions presented by such demanding work, inside a mountain and over a railway track 25 metres above ground, made the process both challenging and time-consuming for HBK. More than 200 strain gauge measuring points were installed on the rock anchors that hold the steel ceiling in place. The objective was to measure the steel rods that support the steel ceiling, because it was being subjected to such dynamic stress. Both HENT and their client Bane NOR are very satisfied with HBK's contribution.
The measuring amplifiers used are from the QuantumX series and the sensors are predominantly based on strain gauge technology but also, to some extent, on IEPE (integrated electronic piezoelectric) and piezoresistive technology. In addition to the 226 strain gauge measuring points, three load cells were also mounted on selected bolts on the steel ceiling in order to monitor the bolt strain over time. Three accelerometers (IEPE sensors) were also installed to enable the monitoring over time of the three-directional movement within the steel ceiling. Other sensors installed include: fifteen movement measuring devices to detect defects and changes in movement in the rock anchors; fifteen pressure/suction sensors (piezoresistive) to monitor pressure and suction on the steel ceiling; and six sound-level meters to monitor the long-term effect of the noise reducing measures. HBK’s catman software was supplied to make the necessary settings, log data from the sensors and retrieve values from the strain gauges and other sensors, as well as to store all the foregoing. As a result, the data can provide immediate answers to whatever questions the client may have at any given time.